THE TRANSFIGURATION OF OUR LORD

2 KINGS 2:1-12

THE BACKGROUND

Let’s do a little time travel!  Let’s go back in time nearly 3,000 years.  We’ll set our destination as the northern kingdom of Israel, and the time to about 850 B.C.  This was a long time ago, and in a culture totally different than ours.  In order to land on our feet, we’d better know the lay of the land.  They didn’t have a Bill of Rights or a constitution, they had a king.  There was no separation of church and state; they were completely connected.  Worst of all, no messiah/savior Jesus.  Elisha was the main Hebrew prophet of the day, and Elisha his apprentice.  Elisha has followed Elijah for many years, and was a devoted companion. 

The people of Israel had drawn away from the Hebrew God Yahweh, and found the Canaanite god Baal more appealing.  There is repeated confrontation between Elisha and the prophets of Baal.  The problem worsened when the Hebrew King Ahab married a Canaanite woman named Jezebel. With her came a host of prophets of her god Baal.  Maybe Ahab was more interested in expanding his trade options than in serving the God Yahweh. The grass must have looked greener in Canaan.  There was constant conflict between the prophets of Yahweh and the prophets of Baal.  These stories of conflict are found starting in 1 Kings 16:29.  They set the stage for today’s reading. 

Today’s reading is about the transfer of authority from Elijah to Elisha, and the end of Elijah’s stay on earth.  Understanding Elijah and this story is key to our study of the gospel lesson for today, the transfiguration of Jesus.  Elijah and Elisha are on a journey to cross the Jordan River.  They both know that Elijah is about to “check out”.  I can’t say “die”, because the story is not that simple.

THE DETAIL

• So, they set out, and find their way to Bethel. Along the way, Elijah urges Elisha to stay behind.  But Elisha is too devoted to him, and swears that he will never leave him.  (vv. 1-2)
• At Bethel, they are met by some Hebrew prophets came out from the city to greet them.  They confide in Elisha that the Lord is going to take Elijah from him. He says “Yeah, yeah, I know.  Now keep it to yourselves.”  (v. 3)
• The exact same thing happens at Jericho—“Stay here”.  “No, I will never leave you.”  And the prophets telling Elisha what is about to happen.  (vv. 4-5)
• By verse six, they are collecting an entourage. Again, Elijah tells Elisha to stay behind.  You should know by now that that ain’t happnin’!    (v. 6)
• Now it gets interesting.  At the bank of the Jordan River, Elijah takes off the outer coat he’s wearing—his mantle.  It is the garment worn by the main prophet.  He rolls it up, and strikes the water with it!  The waters part, and the two cross the river without getting even wet feet.   (vv. 7-8)
• After crossing, Elijah asks his companion if he has any requests.  Elisha really sticks his neck out, and asks for a big one.  He doesn’t ask for the power and authority that Elijah has, he asks him for twice the amount!  Elijah’s answer is interesting.  He doesn’t laugh.  This is serious.  He says that if Elisha can endure the intensity of his being taken up to heaven, that this wish will be granted.  If he can’t handle that power and glory, then he’s out of luck.  (vv. 9-10)
• The scene is nearly indescribable.  But Elisha holds on, and keeps watching.  He cries out.  It is over.  He tears his clothing in two, which is an act of grief and mourning.  (vv. 11-12)

THE TAKEAWAY

There are several points to take from this story.

1. Elijah was one of the most famous of all the Old Testament prophets.  He worked many miracles, as would Elisha. The parting of the Jordan River is a hint to the reader that this prophet was on a par with Moses.  This is a key to understanding the meaning of the gospel reading for today.
2. Elijah was one of only two people in the Old Testament to never die, but go directly to heaven.  Enoch was the other person (Genesis 5:24).  The tradition was that Elijah would return to earth to herald in the second Davidic kingdom.  Gospel writers Matthew and Mark are quick to identify John the Baptist as their Elijah.
3. The people of Elijah’s time were torn between worshipping two deities—two ways of living and being governed, since religion and politics were intertwined. Some chose one, some chose the other. I imagine that there were many in the middle, trying to cover all the bases. 

2 CORINTHIANS 4:1-6

THE BACKGROUND

Have you ever done a difficult task to the best of your ability, only to have someone come after you, insult your work, and redo everything?  This is what happened to Paul in Corinth.  He built that church (the people, not a building) as best he could. When he left to spread the Gospel, other preachers swooped in.  They criticized Paul’s style.   They put him down.  They preached a different “gospel” than Paul  The details of their actions are given both in the previous chapter and in chapter 11.

The passage chosen for this Sunday begins with verse 3, but verses 1 & 2 are worth adding to the selection.  We’ll start there.

THE DETAIL

Paul states:

• We can’t become discouraged in our efforts to spread the gospel message.  God has given us this task, and we have to persevere.  It’s hard, but we have to keep plugging away.  (v. 1)
• We must lay it all out before our audience, including the things that are embarrassing.  Nothing should be hidden, or wrapped in clever speech.  The whole truth should be presented, so we may have a clear conscience.  (v. 2)
• Some may think that our gospel message is shrouded in mystery; that we’re holding some facts from them.  But this is only because they are blinded by outside influences.  (vv. 3-4)
• It’s not about us, it’s all about Jesus, and letting His light shine through us.

THE TAKEAWAY

In the verses preceding this passage, 3:7-18, Paul also uses the word “veil”, to call to mind how Moses veiled his face from the people.  His face was radiant, after he had seen the glory of God on Mt. Sinai.  The people couldn’t take it!  Moses had to cover up.  Some of Paul’s detractors were complaining about his preaching style and message. Paul says that his detractors’ “veil” is different.  They were being secretive; Paul told them everything.  They (“the world”) it hid the true meaning of the gospel from their gullible followers (“those perishing”); they were leading people away from the true Gospel message.  Paul tells everyone to keep it simple, and proclaim Jesus.  Let your gospel light shine! 

MARK 9:2-9

AN EXCERPT FROM MY PARAPHRASE OF THE BIBLE

Peter:  “Well, we thought that Jesus was taking James, John and me on a hike.  Then, it looked like we were going to do a little mountain climbing.  Little did we know what was in store for us.  Once we got to the top, Jesus’ whole appearance changed.  It was hard to describe.  He was dazzling white, I guess you could say.  I wished I had brought my sunglasses.  Then, it got really weird.  Suddenly Moses and Elijah showed up, and started talking with Jesus.  I wonder what they were saying.  Then, I started babbling, and said something about building little shelters for all three of them.  Man, was that a stupid thing to say!  But I was scared out of my wits.  You’d probably do the same, if you were in my shoes.  Anyway, suddenly it got cloudy.  That’s when a voice came from the cloud proclaiming Jesus to be his beloved Son, and that we should listen to him.  And then, just like that, BAM!  It was all over.  We walked down the mountain with Jesus.  The killer was that Jesus gave us clear orders to keep this to ourselves.  We couldn’t tell anyone until he had risen from the dead, whatever that meant.  Do you realize how hard this was going to be?” 

THE TAKEAWAY

The transfiguration of Jesus has always been a curious story to me.  Why did it happen?  What am I supposed to do with this story?  Over the years, I have come away from the story with a couple of points that I’d like to share with you.

1. On the mountain, Jesus’ appearance makes a radical change.  We get a temporary glimpse of his heavenly glory. This “glory”, as we call it, is a hard thing to take.  Moses had to put a veil over his face after his encounters with God on Mt. Sinai, because the people couldn’t stand to look on this radiance.  Elisha’s ordeal during Elijah’s ascension also required strength and endurance, to overcome the intensity of the moment.  Peter’s delirium is evident in his encounter with heavenly glory.  For one brief moment, we get to see Jesus in his true heavenly state, and we can’t take it.
2. Why Moses and Elijah?  I think of this occurrence as a sort of divine summit meeting.  Moses was there, because he was the first and biggest of the Old Testament prophets.  He was the shepherd, who led God’s people out of slavery in Egypt.  He was the giver of the law.  Elijah was there, not only because of the miracles that he performed, but because of his ascension into heaven.  Since it was expected that Elijah would return at the right time, he is a key player in this summit meeting.  The fact that these figures meet with Jesus and have a discussion cements Jesus’ place in the grand scheme of things.  This is not merely the son of a Jewish carpenter, but the messiah.  The Son of God!
3. The voice of God makes two appearances in the New Testament.  One is at Jesus’ baptism, and the other at his transfiguration.  Both times, He calls Jesus his Son.  This time, we are instructed to listen to him.  This is our takeaway.  Listen to Jesus.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Imagine that you have found a great preacher.  You have been attending his church for a few months.  He invites you to join him on a prayer retreat.  Something surreal happens on that retreat.  His face and clothes become incredibly radiant.  Suddenly, Jesus, Martin Luther, and Billy Graham are standing next to him.  They are having a conversation.  It doesn't stop there.  A voice booms out "I like this preacher.  Listen to him."  What would that tell you about that preacher?  How would that affect your opinion of the preacher?  What thoughts and feelings might have been in the minds of Peter, James, and John, as they hiked down that mountain?

ISAIAH 40:21-31

THE BACKGROUND

Have you ever felt like God abandoned you in your time of need? 

That’s exactly how the Jews felt during exile in Babylon.  Before exile, back in Israel, they were behaving badly.  They really got what they deserved.  But now, they were in a foreign land, surrounded by foreign gods and customs.  There was no hope of ever returning back home.  It felt like God had deserted them; It felt like He had left them high and dry, right when they needed him most.   

THE DETAIL

• Let’s start in the middle, and work out to the ends. Verse 27 sums up the feelings of the people.  Words like “my way is hidden from the Lord” and that they felt “disregarded by God” indicate that they felt abandoned.  They thought that God had left them to waste away in Babylon.
• Verse 28a is a repeat of verse 21, the beginning of our passage.  “Have you not known?  Have you not heard?”  Isaiah is urging these discouraged people to remember what they have been taught of old. Remember the stories.  Remember God’s chesed*, his steadfast love.
• Verses 22-26 give us a global perspective—the view from God’s point of view.  We are like grasshoppers!  Have you ever ridden in an airplane, or been high up in a skyscraper?  That’s what people look like, isn’t it? 
• Verse 24 reminds us of the short-lived nature of humankind— our frailty.  Earlier in chapter 40, Isaiah says: 

 “All people are grass, their constancy is like the flower of the field.  The grass withers, the flower fades, when the breath of the Lord blows upon it; surely the people are grass.” Isaiah 40:6b-7

• Verse 26 reminds us that God created us all, calls us by name, and none are missing.  God is still there, and He loves us.
• Verse 28 speaks of God’s strength.
• Verses 29-31 say that He gives this strength to us. “Those who wait on the Lord”, those who are faithful and true, will get renewed strength from God. 

THE TAKEAWAY

Some of us would love to fly like an eagle.  Others would take great joy in merely being able to run or even walk again.  But our spiritual strength comes through being faithful to the Lord.  The Holy Spirit will give us the spiritual strength we need to soar like an eagle.  The Holy Spirit will not abandon us, because of God’s steadfast love for us. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

How do we get this strength?  Sometimes, it is given through prayer.  Other times, we receive it by sharing our burden with fellow Christians, or by shouldering others’ burdens. 

*Chesed is a Hebrew word which is often translated as “steadfast love”.  It is more than that.  The Old Testament is full of examples of humankind’s failure to live up to God’s expectations.  It is full of stories of our sinfulness.  But through it all, we clearly see the love of God at work, loving us, and saving us time and time again.  This is chesed in action.  It is God’s unfailing love for us, in spite of our actions. 
 

1 CORINTHIANS 9:16-23

THE BACKGROUND

In the eighth chapter of Paul’s letter, he discussed the eating of meat sacrificed to idols.  Chapter 9 makes an abrupt turn.  Paul appears to be angry, and on the defensive.  Some of the Christians in Corinth have criticized Paul’s lack of sophistication in his preaching style.  They must have also taken some personal pot shots at him, because he defends not only his style, but his way of life.  He “had the right” to take a wife, and earn a wage.  But he gave all these up to be the type of apostle that he felt God expected him to be.  Let’s take a look at what he says.

THE DETAIL

• He tells us in verse 16 that he can’t brag about being a preacher; it was something God expected of him.  He couldn’t not be an apostle—he was compelled to do this.  He had no choice.
• He does all of this for free.  He can’t charge for something that God has compelled him to do—he is “entrusted with a commission.”  (vv. 17-18)
• He then says that his reward is in spreading the gospel message free of charge.  Other apostles were married, as we will see in the gospel lesson.  Other apostles might have been paid for their services.  But due to Paul’s inner urgency to preach the Gospel, and his conscience, he felt obligated to relinquish these rights.
• Verses 19-22a are his answer to those who criticized his unsophisticated style of preaching the gospel.  Some might think Paul to be wishy-washy, like a leaf in the wind.  But in fact, he is being clever and flexible.  He knows that he is most effective when he adapts to the situation; when he changes his style to fit the listener.   
• He drives the nail home in verse 23.  It’s all for the sake of spreading the gospel. And it sure did work, didn’t it?

THE TAKEAWAY

There are different ways of serving, but the same Lord is served.  Some chose to remain celibate, to devote their lives to service to the Lord, some do not.  Some chose to leave well-paying careers to follow a life of service to God.  There is no one way to serve God.

There is also no one way to worship the Lord. People of different ages and cultures respond to different styles of worship.  All give God the glory.  All are acceptable to the Lord.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Perhaps if we are more flexible and sensitive to those around us, we might become better at spreading the good news of Jesus. 

MARK 1:29-39

THE BACKGROUND

Today’s reading comes on the heels of last week’s Gospel lesson.   Jesus was teaching in the synagogue with authority, and cast demons out of some of those present. 

THE DETAIL

• Right after leaving the synagogue, they go to Simon (Peter) and Andrew’s home in Capernaum, in Galilee.  Simon’s mother-in-law is ill.  (Note: Simon Peter must be married, then, right?)  Jesus heals her on the spot, and she resumes her domestic duties.  (vv. 29-31)
• In that time and place, the next day began at sunset.  So, once the sun had set, it was no longer the Sabbath; work could resume.  People came to be healed, both physically and emotionally.  (vv. 32-33)
• It is interesting that Jesus did not permit the demons to speak.  He was not ready to have his full identity revealed.  He was on a mission.  Full disclosure would have interfered with that.  (v. 34)
• Early in the morning, Jesus finds a quiet place to pray.  He must have sneaked away from his disciples, because they had to “hunt for him”.  (vv. 35-37)
• Jesus tells them that they must move on to other villages. There is urgency in his words.  Why the rush?  Jesus says the he must “proclaim the message… for that is what I came out to do.”  And go, they did.  (vv. 38-39)

THE TAKEAWAY

Sometimes, we put so much emphasis on the cross that we draw attention away from the other parts of Jesus’ mission.  The healing and casting out of demons was done not only out of compassion for the sick and the outcast, but to demonstrate his power and authority.  This authority was recognized by some in the synagogue in last week’s passage.  Soon, he will begin to teach us about our relationship with God using parables and sermons on mount and plain.

DEUTERONOMY 18:15-20

THE BACKGROUND

The book of Deuteronomy is a collection of Moses’ final instructions. Moses addresses the people of Israel, prior to their entrance into the Promised Land.  Moses will not follow, but will end his days at Mount Nebo (also called Mount Pisgah).  Earlier in the story, the people were fearful of seeing God’s face or hearing his voice, lest they die.  They asked Moses to be their intermediary—a go-between.  Moses would receive God’s word, and relay it to the people.  Moses became their first prophet. 

THE DETAIL

• Moses stated that since they are going their separate ways, God will provide them a replacement prophet; they won’t be left without a spokesperson.  This is what they asked for back at Mt. Horeb (Mt. Sinai).  The quote is a paraphrase of Deut. 5:22-27.  (vv. 15-16)
•  Through Moses, God agrees that they would indeed die, if they heard the voice of the Lord. The average person couldn’t handle it. (v. 17)
• Then, God lays out how a prophet works.  God speaks to the prophet, and the prophet speaks the words to the people.  God will hold the people and the prophet accountable for obeying the Lord’s commandments.  (vv. 18-20)

THE TAKEAWAY

The writers of the gospels in the New Testament, especially Matthew, tell us that Jesus is the new Moses; he is the head of all the prophets.  Jesus not only speaks for God, but he is God Incarnate—God in the form of a human being. Now, with the gift of Jesus and the Holy Spirit given to all believers, we can speak with God directly, without the need of a go-between.  
 

1 CORINTHIANS 8

THE BACKGROUND

In first century Palestine, Jews did not eat much meat, except for fish.  It was not an everyday food, because it was very expensive. The exception was the meat sacrificed by the pagans to their gods.  This meat was available and cheap.  The Jews were forbidden from eating this meat.  Paul preached about the freedom of Christians to eat anything; that the Jewish dietary laws were nullified by Jesus life, death and resurrection.  Some of the Christians in Corinth understood Paul’s teaching, took it to heart.  They ate meat—any meat.  This caused quite a stir, since this meat had been sacrificed to pagan gods.  Some said it was defiled meat, and should not be consumed.  In today’s second lesson, Paul explains what they should do.

THE DETAIL

• Paul starts out by saying that while they might have true knowledge, love is better than knowledge.  Love builds up (the body of Christ).  (vv. 1-3)
• He then says that they are indeed right.  The meat offered to idols is not really defiled, since those idols are fake.  There is only one God, and one Lord Jesus Christ.  The rest is nonsense, and they really could eat that meat.  (vv. 4-6)
• Next comes the “but”.  The community of believers was a mix of Christians who were well-versed in the teachings of Jesus and believers who were recent converts. The faith and knowledge of the recent converts would have still been shaky.  There would still be some lingering emotional ties to their old pagan beliefs.  Paul calls them “weak believers”.  Paul points out to the “strong believers” that when they eat meat sacrificed to those fake idols, it becomes a stumbling block to the new believers’ faith.  (vv. 7-11)
• Anything we do to cause another’s faith to falter is a “sin against Christ (v. 12)
• Paul says the he’d rather be a vegetarian than sin against Christ (v. 13)

THE TAKEAWAY

What Paul is saying is that yes, as Christians, we are not required to keep the old Kosher laws of the Jewish faith.  We have the freedom to eat whatever we like.  But he tempers this freedom with love and consideration for the community of believers.  Out of love and respect for our brothers and sisters, Paul says that it may be necessary to set aside some of our freedom out of respect for others. In doing so, the body of Christ becomes stronger.  This is a perfect definition of agape* love—the sacrificial love that you give for others.  Let us pray that we can all find it in our hearts to give more of this love to our communities and our churches.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Here in the USA, we cherish our freedoms.  In grammar school, I was taught that I had as much freedom as possible, until it affects the freedom of others.  Per Paul’s teaching, might there be times when we should consider sacrificing some of our freedom out of love for our neighbor?

* In the Greek language, there are several words for love.  The Greek word agape means the sort of love that involves the giving of self.  For example, it is the type of love that is involved when a married couple disagrees on something, but one gives in out of love for the other. 

MARK 1:21-28

THE BACKGROUND

Already in Mark’s gospel, Jesus has called his first disciples, and has begun his teaching/preaching ministry.  He begins his preaching within the Jewish “church”, in the synagogues.

THE DETAIL

• Jesus enters a synagogue in Capernaum, and teaches “having authority”.  People are astounded. (vv. 21-22)
• A man with an unclean spirit appears.  The spirits speak against Jesus, but in the process, they proclaim him to be “the Holy One of God”.  (vv. 23-24)
• Jesus casts the demons out of the man, simply using his words.  (vv. 25-26)
• Those who witness this are astounded.  They proclaim him to teach “with authority”. They spread the news.  (vv. 27-28)

THE TAKEAWAY

As we read through the Gospels, one question is posed repeatedly—“Who is this Jesus of Nazareth?”  It is a question that many at the time were asking.  After all, Jesus was not a priest or a scribe, he was the son of a carpenter.  On the surface, he did not appear to have any qualifications for what he was doing.  Miracles and sound teaching were ways that Jesus used to demonstrate his authority.  By providing clear authoritative preaching and demonstrating his power over the forces of evil, Jesus got their attention.  In the process, his authority was proclaimed from the most unusual of sources.  In this case, the unclean spirit proclaimed him to be “the Holy One of God”.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Who do you believe Jesus is?  Just a carpenter’s son, or something more?

JONAH 3:1-10

THE BACKGROUND

The story of Jonah and the whale is my best friend Rob’s favorite Old Testament story.  It is such a wild and outlandish story.  Weird stuff happens all through this four chapter book of the bible.  I encourage you to read it.  It is a short tale (a fish tail?)  But I wonder if my buddy Rob understands the God Lesson.  Without that, it’s just another fish story, about the big one that got away.

It helps to know that at the time this story was told, the people of Israel kept their religion to themselves.  They were not spreading the word.  To the contrary, they hated their neighbors, and shunned contact with the outside world.  They hated the Ninevites.  Nineveh was the capital of Assyria, one of their long-time arch enemies.  Plus, the Assyrians did not worship the Lord God Yahweh; they worshipped false gods.  In our story, God tells Jonah to preach repentance to the people of Nineveh. Jonah did not take kindly to the order. He runs away in the opposite direction.

Most theologians consider this book to be a satirical fable.  Jonah personifies the attitudes of Israel, but God has other plans.  More on that in The Takeaway.  The writer of this book uses blistering satire to make his point. It is a fable because of the involvement of the large fish, especially so because of the fish’s paranormal behavior. If you feel strongly that this was a historical event and not a satirical fable, that’s OK, too.  Just be sure that you discover the God Lesson—what God wants you to learn from this fish tale.

THE DETAIL

• God repeats the command that he gave Jonah in 1:2. In between these verses is the story of Jonah’s refusal, heading in the opposite direction, a storm at sea, he’s thrown overboard, a “large fish” (not a whale) swallowed Jonah, spitting him ashore right where he needed to go to walk to Nineveh!  (vv. 1-2)
• Jonah has a bad attitude.  He goes to this large city, but his heart is not in it. He doesn’t even go to the city center to do his preaching.  I guess he figured a day’s walk was good enough.  (vv. 3-4a)
• When he stops, he gives the sorriest repentance speech that ever was, and leaves. (v. 4b)
• The funny thing is that the people of Nineveh take this sorry prophecy very seriously.  Not only do the people and king fast & put on sackcloth as signs of their repentance, but they put sackcloth on the livestock, too! (vv.5-9)
• The surprise of the story comes in verse 10. God sees their repentance, and changes his mind about the destruction he was going to unleash.
• If you read on, chapter 4 tells of Jonah’s anger at God’s mercy.  He is so angry that God has been merciful to these people.  He just wants to die right on the spot.

THE TAKEAWAY

This peculiar story is just as applicable to us today as it was for Israel back then.  We want God for ourselves, and are reluctant to share Him with others.  If we do share Him, we want them to come to God on our terms, by our rules.  There is no room for variation or difference.  God, on the other hand, has a heart that is much larger than ours. He loves everyone, and earnestly yearns for all to be in relationship with him.  He can tolerate our differences, if our heart is true.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

I love my Old Lutheran liturgy, my Old German Lutheran hymns, all the candles and robes, and all the ceremony that goes with a traditional Lutheran worship service.  This is my definition of “Give Me that Old Time Religion”.  Yours might be quite a bit different.  Young people today listen to an entirely different style of music, with songs they hear on the Jesus Rock radio station.  But they do a fine job of worshiping our Lord. Can we be more tolerant of other Christians’ worship style and beliefs?  How should our evangelizing and welcoming mission be shaped to be more inclusive of other types of people?  Isn’t this the real work of the church?
 

1 CORINTHIANS 7:29-31

THE BACKGROUND

Chapter seven of Paul’s first letter to the church in Corinth is an interesting one.  He discusses various issues concerning the Christians there.  Today’s verses are interesting to read and consider. They come from the perspective that Paul and his followers expected Jesus to return at any moment.  Twenty centuries later, we know that this is not how it happened.  We’ll get to that in a moment.  But first, let’s look at the verses.

THE DETAIL

• Paul tells us that “the appointed time has grown short”.  He expects Jesus’ return very soon.  The advice to follow is based on this statement.  (v. 29a)
• The list of advice might seem peculiar.  (vv. 29b-31a)  It is:
  • Those who have wives should be as though they have none.
  • Those who mourn should be as though there’s nothing to mourn.
  • Those who buy goods should be as though they have nothing.
  • Those who deal with the world should be as though they had no dealings with it.
• Then, we get the reason:  “For the present form of this world is passing away.” (vv.  31b)

THE TAKEAWAY

Well, OK. Jesus’ return wasn’t just around the corner. But before we throw the baby out with the bath water, let’s think about this a moment.  Paul expected Jesus to arrive at any moment.  Because of this, he recommended a shift in priorities—a sharpened focus on spiritual matters.  He is pressing for a sense of urgency in daily life.  Maybe, Paul’s advice is a good wakeup call for us. Sure, it’s a bit extreme, but think about it. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

What would you do, if you knew Jesus was returning next month?  How do we live our lives with that sense of urgency?  Now, a story.  

I heard a story, but I can’t remember who it was. (If you know, please tell me.) 

A famous old Christian teacher was playing croquet with his pupils.  He asked his students what they would do, if they knew Jesus was coming next week.  One said that he would stop playing the game, and make peace with his brother.  Another said they would go immediately and settle an outstanding debt.  Yet another said they would help the poor to know Jesus.  They then asked the teacher what he would do.  The teacher said that he would continue playing the game.  What was the teacher’s point?  I believe that he felt that his students should have already done the things they said they were going to do.  We should already be helping the poor, paying our debts, and making peace with our brother.  Then, like the teacher, we could then simply enjoy the game, and wait for Jesus arrival.

MARK 1:14-20

THE BACKGROUND

Mark’s gospel jumps right to John the baptizer. No manger scenes or shepherds in the fields.  In of 13 short verses, John preaches, and baptizes Jesus.  By verse 14, he is already arrested by Herod.  Now that John’s mission is complete, Jesus begins his. 

THE DETAIL

• Once John’s work is through, Jesus proclaims that “the kingdom of God has come near”.  After all, God Incarnate is walking on the earth.  He is calling the people to come, listen, repent, and believe. (vv. 14-15)
• In this account, Jesus is walking along the lakeshore, when he sees Simon and Andrew.  He calls them to follow him, and they will fish for people (instead of fish).  (vv. 16-17)
• They drop everything, and immediately follow him. (v. 18)
• Jesus, Simon, and Andrew are still in the fishing village of Bethsaida.  (It is not mentioned here.  We know this from last week’s lesson, John 1:44.)  Immediately, Jesus spots James and John, the sons of Zebedee. They leave their father with the hired help, and follow Jesus and the others.  (vv. 19-20)

THE TAKEAWAY

There is a sense of urgency in Mark’s writing.  Things happen immediately.  There is no “I’ll be along, as soon as I…”  His disciples drop everything and follow him.  Would we do the same?  Do we have this sense of urgency in sharing the gospel?

Jesus calls us all to come, listen, repent, and believe.  The kingdom of God has come near.  It is here now, at least in part.  Jesus dwells in our hearts, and we are his disciples.  This is the kingdom, at least until he returns.

1 SAMUEL 3:1-10

THE BACKGROUND

The story of Samuel is an interesting one, and I recommend that you read chapters 1 & 2, so that you can enjoy the whole story. Samuel is the son of a faithful woman named Hannah.  She was barren for many years.  After praying in the temple, God granted her request for a son.  As soon as he is weaned, she dedicates him to service to the Lord; she hands him over to the prophet Eli, to raise and train.  Today’s reading takes place in the temple.  According to Jewish tradition, Samuel is 12 years old when this occurs.

THE DETAIL

• Verse 1 tells us that the people of the Lord had fallen out of relationship with God.
• Eli is old, and Samuel is young.  It must be nighttime, the early morning hours, because the lamp of God was still burning.  (vv. 2-3)  As specified in Exodus 27:21, this lamp was to burn “from evening until morning”. 
• The Lord calls to Samuel, who is in his bed. Samuel has not heard the voice of the Lord before, so he thinks that Eli has called him.  He rushes to his side.  Eli denies calling him, and sends him back to bed.  This happens twice.  (vv. 4-7)
• When this happens a third time, Eli finally figures out what’s going on, and tells Samuel what to do. (vv. 8-9) 
• The Lord gives Samuel the bad news—Eli and his sons will not live much longer, because of their actions.  (vv. 11-14)
• Samuel doesn’t want to tell Eli this bad news. Eli has been his mentor and perhaps like a father to him.  After all, he cared for him since he was a toddler.  But Eli takes the news on the chin.  He already knew this was coming.  (vv. 15-18)
• This is the beginning of Samuel’s relationship with God, and the end of Eli’s.  (v. 19)

THE TAKEAWAY

God calls us into His service.  Some heed the call, and others do not.  Let’s be like Samuel, saying “Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.”

1 CORINTHIANS 6:12-20

THE BACKGROUND

Paul, Timothy, and Silas had started the church in Corinth, staying there “a considerable time.” (Acts 18:1-18)  But they had the Lord’s work to do, and moved on. A letter is sent to Paul, listing several problems that have arisen since his departure.  Paul’s letter is a response to the church in Corinth, to address these issues and set them back on the right path. 

THE DETAIL

• Some members of the church there are twisting Paul’s words regarding the freedom of the Christian from the Law of Moses. Some feel that anything goes. Paul quotes their sayings in verses 12 and 13a.  It appears that they are not only eating anything and everything.  That’s pretty much OK.  But, they are having sex with prostitutes, saying “all things are lawful for me”.  This is not OK.
• Paul reminds them that since they are the Lord’s, when they lay with a prostitute, they also defile God.  (vv. 13b-18)
• We have all heard verse 19 when we were teenagers—“our body is a temple of the Holy Spirit”.  I am especially fond of verse 20—“…you were bought with a price…” 

THE TAKEAWAY

Jesus “bought” us with his blood.  We belong to him.  Our lives are His.  We must live our lives to the glory of His name.
 

JOHN 1:35-51

THE BACKGROUND

Note:  The lectionary for this Sunday is verses 43-51.  I have chosen to  cover the larger story, beginning with verse 35.

The Gospel of John starts out with a bang.  No sooner does John explain to us that Jesus was there at the beginning of creation, but he jumps right to Jesus baptism and the calling of His first disciples. 

THE DETAIL

• The day after Jesus’ baptism, John the Baptist points Jesus out to two of his followers.  They ask Jesus a question.  Jesus simply answers “come and see”, and they decide to follow Jesus. One of these is Andrew, and the other is not named.  (vv. 35-40) 
• Andrew calls his brother Simon to tag along, saying that they have found the Messiah.  Jesus renames Simon Peter “Rocky” (in my translation, since Peter means “rock”).  (vv.41-42)
• Jesus calls Philip simply by saying “follow me”.  (v. 43)
• Philip finds his friend Nathanael, and tells him who they’ve found.  Nathanael says something a little snobby about Nazareth.  Maybe there was some small town rivalry here, but it is a curious comment.  But, Philip simply says “come and see” [“come and see for yourself” in my silly translation], and Nathanael follows.  (vv. 45-46)
• Next, we have an interesting dialogue between Jesus and Nathanael.  Their first impressions of one another must have been huge.  It is interesting that all of these disciples are from the same small town, Bethsaida.  They obviously knew each other.  Were they friends?
• In verses 50 & 51, Jesus says “If that impresses you, you ain’t seen nuthin’ yet.”  (Again, from my personal translation.)  Verse 51 is a subtle reference to a dream that Jacob had, as told in Genesis 28:10-12.

THE TAKEAWAY

I would like to give this passage the title “Jesus Calls His Disciples”, but that would not be accurate.  Andrew calls Simon Peter.  Philip calls Nathanael.  So disciples are also calling others to become disciples.  It is also very interesting to me that very few words were needed to compel these men to drop everything and follow Jesus.  Was Jesus that charismatic?  Was the Holy Spirit working in their hearts?

Today, Jesus calls us to follow him.  If you’re reading this, chances are that you have already chosen to do so.  If not, I encourage you to read one of the gospels, and learn more about Jesus.  (Mark is the shortest one, and a good place to start.)

Today, since we are Jesus’ disciples, we have the responsibility to carry on His work; we must call others to also follow Him. Sometimes, with the help of the Holy Spirit, it only takes a few words.  Other times, a discussion might ensue.  Whatever the situation, ours is the task to urge those around us to follow Jesus.  We have the help of the Holy Spirit.  Let’s spread the Good News!

THE BAPTISM OF OUR LORD

GENESIS 1:1-5

THE BACKGROUND

I have said many times that when I read the Old Testament, I try to discover the God Lesson.  This is especially the case, when I read the creation accounts.  Yes, there are two of them, and they do not “line up”, as far as the sequence of events.  (The first is in Genesis 1:1-2:3.  The second is in Genesis 2:4-25.)  This really tells me to not focus on the scientific details, but rather to try to discover what God wants to tell me about Himself and my relationship with Him. 

THE DETAIL

Today’s reading is from the first creation account, and describes the first day.

• The first thing to notice is what God started with—what was there in the beginning?  Verse 2 tells us that it was water.  In the beginning, our world, was only water.  Also, the Hebrews were land-dwellers.  Farmers.  To them, a large body of water like the Mediterranean Sea was a horrific, chaotic place, full of sea-monsters.  (The sea monsters were called Leviathan.)  So, according to this account, in the beginning, there was chaos. 
• Verse 2 also tells us that “a wind from God” swept over the waters.  The Hebrew word that was translated “wind” here is “ruah”.  Ruah can mean “wind”, “spirit”, and “breath (of life)”.  Ruah is what God gave to Adam in the Garden of Eden. 
• Now, in verse 3, God takes action.  God cuts through the chaos, and calmly creates our world using only His word.  Other ancient creation stories include gods fighting in wars.  Theirs is story of blood and gore, and chaos abounds.  Our God, by contrast, calmly creates order from the chaos.  And it was good.

THE TAKEAWAY

The Gospel lesson for today is Jesus baptism.  It is fitting to have an Old Testament lesson that begins with water.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

In the first chapter of the gospel of John, we learn that Jesus was present at the beginning of creation.  Do you think there might be a connection between God creating light on the first day, and Jesus being the “light of the world”?  Also, since God’s ruah swept over the waters, this tells me that the Holy Trinity was there right from the beginning—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.  What do you think?

ACTS 19:1-7

THE BACKGROUND

This is a great baptism story, written by Luke, but about Paul’s work.  Paul, Timothy, and Silas are on a missionary journey.  They are spreading the Good News, baptizing, and bringing people into life in The Way.  (The Way is what the early Christian church is called in the book of Acts.) 

A new disciple, named Apollos, appears in the verses just before our text.  He is a Jew from Alexandria, Egypt.  He has been a disciple of John the Baptist, and is a gifted evangelist. Paul’s team fills him in on the Good News of Jesus.  He is baptized in Jesus’ name, and sent on to Corinth to continue the work that Paul’s team had begun.

In today’s passage, Paus discovers another group of believers who are much the same as Apollos.  They have been baptized by John the Baptist, but do not know about Jesus.

THE DETAIL

• With Apollos continuing God’s work in Greece, Paul and his disciples can focus on the church in Ephesus, which is in modern day Turkey.  They discover some disciples of The Way.  (vv. 1-2)
• Verse 3 says that they were baptized “into John’s baptism”.  In other words, they were followers of John the Baptist, and had not yet heard of Jesus. Apollos’ story is similar to this one. It’s worth reading, in Acts 18:24-28.
• Paul explains the difference between John and Jesus. These disciples recognize that Jesus is the fulfillment of John’s preaching, and are baptized in His name. (vv. 4-5)
• After their baptism and Paul’s laying his hands on them, they are filled with the Holy Spirit, and begin speaking in tongues and prophesying.*  (vv. 6-7)

THE TAKEAWAY

• Speaking in tongues and prophesying were the results of baptism and laying on of hands.  This was the proof back then that the Holy Spirit dwelt in the hearts of the new believers.  Today in most churches, these gifts of the spirit no longer appear.  The Holy Spirit is most certainly present, but in a less dramatic way. 
• All Christians today are baptized, either at infancy or at the age of conscience.  Whichever time it is done, and however it is done (immersion or sprinkling), the Holy Spirit enters the life of the baptized, and dwells within them. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

From this story, and from Apollos’ story just before it, we learn that John the Baptist also had a following, even after his execution. The word needed to get out to these people, that the prophecy of John the Baptist  had been fulfilled.  How many people around us today are longing to hear this Good News?  Can we be like Paul, and share this good news with them?

*Prophesy not only means predicting the future.  It means to speak like a prophet, or to be God's spokesperson.  This includes correcting, teaching, and praising. 
 

MARK 1:4-11

THE BACKGROUND

The Gospel of Mark begins with the story of John the baptizer (or Baptist, if you prefer).  The verses preceding our passage quote the prophecy of Isaiah, which tells of “a voice crying in the wilderness” to prepare the way of the Lord. John is a Nazarite—someone who was “set apart” from society, and had dedicated their life to serving God. There are many Nazarites in the Old Testament, but John is one from birth.  This was exceptional.

THE DETAIL

• In the first paragraph, we see John going about the Lord’s work.  He urges people to confront their shortcomings before God, their sin.  He urges them to pledge to change, and to start over on a new and right path.  We call this whole process “repentance”.  It takes all of it to being repentant.  (Just being sorry doesn’t count.)
• In verses 7 & 8, he makes it very clear where he stands.  He is the one preparing the way.  Back then, untying someone’s sandals was the task of a low-ranking slave.  John is telling everyone that compared to the one who was coming, John is the lowest of the lowly.
• The second paragraph tells us that Jesus comes to be baptized by John.  At his baptism, the Holy Spirit comes, and God the Father speaks.

THE TAKEAWAY

Because of our sinful nature, none of us are worthy enough to untie Jesus’ sandals.  Yet, through our baptism, we become the adopted children of God. Jesus is our brother! 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Jesus lived his life without sinning.  Yet, he came to be baptized.  He did not need to repent; yet, he came to John, and entered the River Jordan.  Why?  I believe this was Jesus’ way of telling us that baptism, such as the one that John was doing in the Jordan, is a good thing. That repentance and baptism is part of living a life as a follower of Jesus.  It is a way of receiving the Holy Spirit—a means of grace.

ISAIAH 61:10-62:3

THE BACKGROUND

This part of the book of Isaiah was written about God’s people, who were returning home from exile.  God has saved them from what could have been the end of their culture. These are also very fitting words of praise to God who saves from a different fate.  He gives us the gift of his Son, who saves us and adopts us as heirs of the kingdom.

THE DETAIL

• Verse 10 starts right off with praise for God’s saving actions.  They are likened to clothing—garments of salvation.  Party or wedding clothing!  You can feel the joy and celebration.
• Israel was experiencing a new beginning.  There was great hope, like the hope you have when planting a tree.  That hope was that Israel would grow and be a shining example of God’s greatness. Their vindication, or come-uppance, would show the world how great they and their God are.  After Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection, the church spread rapidly to “all the nations” (v. 11)
• When I read the words of 62:1, I think of the pop tune by Cat Stevens.  The song begins “I can’t keep it in, can’t keep it in.  I’ve gotta let it out!”  This is the Christmas joy we should all have, knowing the wonderful free gift that our Savior brings to us.

THE TAKEAWAY

With Jesus’ birth on Christmas, we get a wonderful gift. Immanuel—God lives with us.  He comes to heal, to teach, and to save. Let’s go tell it on the mountain!
 

GALATIANS 4:4-7

THE BACKGROUND

Sometimes, the apostle Paul is very wordy, and other times he is ultra-concise.  Here, in the span of three verses, we get a view of the beautiful, intimate relationship that we can have with our Lord.

THE DETAIL

• God had to wait until the right time before he sent his son.  At the time that Jesus came, Greek was the universal language, much like English is today. This allowed free communication throughout the Roman Empire.  The relative peace that Roman occupation provided, along with the roads they built, helped people like Paul to quickly travel and spread the news.  This, to me, is what Paul meant by the “fullness of time”. Then, and only then, did God put is saving action into place.  He sent his Son, born of Mary, born a devout Jew (“under the law”), all with one purpose in mind—so that we could be redeemed, and be adopted as God’s very children. (vv. 4-5)
• Because we are his beloved children, he sends the Holy Spirit to help us call him our Father.  The word “Abba” is the Hebrew (Aramaic, actually) word for Father, but in the familiar form.  It is what a child would call their father—“Dada” or “Daddy”!  It does sound like something a baby would say, doesn’t it?  The point here is that we don’t just get to call God “Father”, but we get to use the intimate, loving term of Daddy. We are members of His family.  (v. 6)
• Verse 7 might seem a little odd, since Paul is talking about slavery.  At that time, about a third of the population was slaves.  It was commonplace, and not considered morally wrong.  Paul often uses it as an illustrative example, to show our prior relationship with God.  In his letter to the Romans, he says that in our former lives, we were slaves to sin.  Now, as believers in Jesus, we are children of God.  In Roman times, when a Roman citizen died, the children were his heirs, and the slaves got nothing.   Paul uses this to show us that now that we are the adopted children of God, we inherit eternal life.  I know it doesn’t say all that here, you’ll find it in Romans and some of Paul’s other writings.  We studied those passages a few months ago.

THE TAKEAWAY

Before Jesus left his throne, and came to walk with us, we were merely Gentiles in the darkness.  Now, we are God’s very children, able to call him “Daddy”!

LUKE 2:22-40

THE BACKGROUND

I am amazed that the amount of travelling that Joseph and Mary undertook.  It would be one thing if they had a nice little motorhome.  Instead, they did it all on foot.  Old paintings show Mary riding on a donkey, but none is mentioned in the Bible.  They travelled on foot from their home village of Nazareth, to go to Bethlehem.  I looked it up.  It is an 84 mile journey.  Can you imagine walking that distance?  It’s like walking from Tryon to Charlotte!  That had to take at least three or four days, maybe more with a wife ready to deliver a baby. 

Now, they are off to Jerusalem!  The Jewish law requires that Jesus be circumcised eight days after his birth.  Since they were in the neighborhood, they did this in Jerusalem—it was on the way back from Bethlehem, only 8 miles up the road.  After that, they still had 78 miles to go, before they were back home in Nazareth.  Later, they would make the long journey to Egypt, but we’ll save that for another day.

THE DETAIL

• So, in obedience to Leviticus 12:1-8, they bring the baby Jesus to the temple.  (vv. 22-23)
• They bring the prescribed offering of four birds.  This tells us that Mary and Joseph are poor.  They do not bring the regular offering prescribed in Leviticus 12:6, but the provisional one in verse 8, for those who cannot afford a lamb.
• Here’s where the story gets fascinating.  An old man approaches, and takes Jesus in his arms! He says those words that many of us know as the Song of Simeon (or the Nunc Dimittus).  (vv. 25-32)
• You can imagine how the parents felt!  The bible tells us they were “amazed”.  They were probably feeling a lot of other emotions, as well.  Then, Simeon turns to Mary and makes a prophetic proclamation.  We believe the “sword piercing Mary’s soul” might have something to do with watching her son suffer and die on the cross.  (vv. 33-35) 
• If that wasn’t enough, an elderly prophetess approaches them as well.  She praises Jesus, and talks about the redemption of Jerusalem. (vv.36-38)
• After an exciting day in the temple, they return to Nazareth, where Jesus will grow “strong, filled with wisdom…”  (vv. 39-40)

THE TAKEAWAY

Simeon waited most of his life for the chance to see the Messiah.  Now that he has seen and held this precious child, he is at peace.  In his song, Simeon essentially says “Lord, I’ve seen him! You can take me now.”  We have “seen” Jesus through the stories given us in the Gospels.  We can be at peace, knowing that our eyes have seen God’s salvation.